What Chords Does The Nirvana Song 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' Use?

Picking up a scratched copy of a Nirvana record and trying to play along, you quickly notice that Kurt loved simple tools that hit hard—power chords, a handful of open majors/minors, and a few little melodic riffs. The backbone of most of their biggest hits is the humble fifth (power) chord: think shapes you can move around the neck like E5, A5, D5, F5, Bb5 and so on. Those big, crunchy two-note shapes are what give 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' that stadium-sized wall of sound (the main riff is built on power-chord shapes often written as F5 → Bb5 → Ab5 → Db5). They’re everywhere because they’re loud, easy to palm-mute, and sound massive with distortion. Beyond the power-chord stomp, Nirvana songs frequently use open chords and simple minors. You’ll hear Em, G, D, C, A, and Am across acoustic tracks like 'About a Girl' and quieter sections of songs. 'Come as You Are' is centered on an Em-flavored riff (that watery descending shape), while songs like 'All Apologies' and 'About a Girl' lean on plain, singable open-chord progressions. Kurt also loved mixing dynamics—clean, chiming verses with sparse chords or single-note riffs, then exploding into distorted, power-chord choruses. If you’re learning them: practice movable power-chord shapes and locking in palm-muted chugging, but don’t ignore the simple open chords—those are often what make the melodies stick. Pay attention to rhythm, deadening, and when to hit distortion versus clean tone: that contrast is half the song. For me, playing those basic shapes and feeling the switches in energy is still the most fun part.

I'll never stop humming that opening riff — it hooks you before anything else happens — and the guitar Kurt is holding in the 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' video is most famously a left-handed Fender Mustang. It’s the kind of short-scale, offset Fender that looks almost toy-like compared to a Strat, but that’s part of the charm. Kurt favored Mustangs for their feel and bite; the shorter 24-inch scale and bright single-coil pickups helped him scrunch chords into that crunchy, sloppy sound that defined early Nirvana. In the video and on many live promos from that era he’s often pictured with a white Mustang, sometimes patched and battered, which is as iconic as the song itself. That said, Kurt didn’t stick to one guitar in the studio. During the 'Nevermind' sessions he hopped between Mustangs, Jaguars, and other cheap beat-up guitars — he loved the particular fret noise and character they imparted. Later on he collaborated with Fender to design the 'Jag-Stang', which mashed together Jaguar and Mustang features because he liked both. But the Jag-Stang wasn’t the main instrument for the original recording of 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' — it came afterwards as his signature hybrid idea. He also ran his guitars through gritty pedals and amp setups (think raw overdrive, a touch of chorus or flanger, and lots of attitude), which is a huge part of why even simple guitars sounded massive. What always gets me is how a seemingly modest instrument like a Mustang could deliver something so enormous. The guitar wasn’t fancy, but Kurt’s playing, his chord choice, and the production turned it into lightning. For a collector or player, that’s inspiring: you don’t need the priciest axe to make a record-altering sound, you need taste, grit, and the willingness to let things be messy. Hearing that riff still makes me want to grab a cheap Mustang and start smashing through power chords — it’s messy, it’s loud, and it still rules.

If you want to nail the iconic opening of 'Smells Like Teen Spirit', start with the power chords and dynamics — that’s where the song lives. The main progression is usually played as F5 -> Bb5 -> Ab5 -> Db5. On the low-E-rooted power chord shapes you can finger them as: F5 = 1-3-3 (E-A-D strings), Bb5 = 6-8-8, Ab5 = 4-6-6, Db5 = 9-11-11. Play them with a heavy pick and a crunchy distortion; Kurt’s tone is raw, but it’s the attack and the palm muting that make the riff pop. Work the rhythm like this: in the verses use tighter palm-muted downstrokes — think short, choked hits — then explode into full, ringing strums for the pre-chorus/chorus. Count steady eighths (1-&-2-&-3-&-4-&) and put more emphasis on the downbeats where the band locks in. The classic intro/verse pulse is more restrained; when the chorus hits, remove the mute and let the chords ring with big, open strokes. If you want a quick tabbed mental picture: play the power chord shape on the frets above (1,6,4,9) and strum them in the soft-loud-soft-loud dynamic the song uses. A few practical tips: use a medium/heavy pick, anchor your palm lightly near the bridge for control, and practice switching between 1-3-3 and 6-8-8 shapes slowly until it’s muscle memory. The solo is simple — mostly pentatonic runs — so focus first on groove before ornamentation. Play along with the record from 'Nevermind' to lock timing and feel; once you’ve got the dynamics down, it’s insanely satisfying to play, and it still hits me every time I crank that riff.

That iconic opening guitar hook is mostly Kurt Cobain's creation — he came up with the riff and the basic chord progression that powers 'Smells Like Teen Spirit'. I like to think of it as one of those deceptively simple ideas that explode into something huge: a set of chunky power-chords played with that deadpan, crunchy tone, then the quiet-versus-loud dynamics that make the chorus hit like a punch. The official songwriting credit goes to Kurt Cobain, and interviews from the band support that he wrote the riff and the melody. That said, the final shape of the song was very much a group effort. Krist Novoselic's basslines, Dave Grohl's thunderous drumming and backing vocals, and Butch Vig's production choices all helped sculpt the riff into the monster it became on 'Nevermind'. I still love how a simple idea from Kurt turned into a cultural earthquake once the band and production crew layered everything together — it's raw genius dressed up by teamwork, and I never get tired of it.