Who First Used Abyss Mean In Existentialist Writings?

There’s something about the word 'abyss' that always makes me pause when I’m reading a dusty gothic novel under a dim lamp. For me, the abyss in gothic literature is less a literal pit and more a mix of terrifying possibilities: an emotional void, an existential gulf, or the uncanny space where the self unravels. It’s where characters stare into something that refuses to be understood, and the reflection that comes back is fractured. Think of the way the narrator in 'The Fall of the House of Usher' feels the house and the mind folding into one another — the abyss is that meeting point between architecture and psyche, a yawning collapse of boundaries. I like to picture it as both vertical and horizontal: vertical when it’s a descent into madness or an oppressive weight pulling someone down, horizontal when it’s the social or moral chasm between people — secrets, inherited curses, or forbidden desires that nobody dares cross. Gothic writers use cliffs, cellars, endless oceans, and empty corridors to stage that sensation. Sometimes it’s cosmic, like the cold indifference in parts of 'Frankenstein', and sometimes intimate, like the slow erosion of identity in 'Wuthering Heights'. The abyss often comes hand-in-hand with the sublime — fear mixed with a strange, almost perverse awe. When I reread these scenes, I imagine the author whispering to the reader: “Look into this; what do you see?” The fun (and the chill) is that the abyss tells you more about your own limits than about the story’s monsters. If you’re new to gothic, try reading a key passage aloud at night — it somehow makes the gulfs feel more real, and I find that noirish thrill oddly comforting rather than purely scary.